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What and Why Should You Document?
When writing, you must document all information gained from outside sources. You do this to give credit to the source and avoid plagiarism, support your information with experts in the field, and allow the reader to locate more information by referring them to your sources. This is a brief summary of style examples; for more details, refer to the sources listed.
BOOKS
Smith, John. The History of Life. New York: Harcourt, 1995. (author)
History of Colorado. Denver: Smithart, 1999. (no author, so it is alphabetized by title)
MULTI-VOLUME WORK
Blanco, Rick. American History. 12 volumes. London: Smith, 1992. (indicates multiple volumes)
Blanco, Rick. American History. Volume 8. London: Smith, 1992. 10 volumes. (specific volume of a set)
Blanco, Rick. American History. Volume 8. London: Smith, 1992. 88-92 (specific pages)
ONLINE SOURCES
Include dates of information AND access, web address or Library database name. (Library databases don't require the Internet address, but cite must state that you accessed it via PCC Library and database name is underlined.) Internet addresses are in brackets, ending with a period. Don't split or hyphenate Internet addresses.
Electronic texts can be altered, so an online source is considered unique EACH TIME IT IS ACCESSED.
general Internet web sites
CNN.com. 2004. Cable News Network. 16 Aug. 2004. http://www.cnn.com.
"Cell Phones in Cars: More Accidents on Highways?" 2002. 15 Aug. 2002.
<http://www.voiceoftheinjured.com/a-aa-cell-phones-accidents-injured.html>.
Smith, Susan. Home page. 5 May 2002. 1 June 2002 <http://www.susansmith.com>.
documents via web sites
Smith, Jill. "Denver's Best Chance for Success." Newsweek 23 July 2000. 15 March 2007
<http://www.newsweek.org/denver.html>.
United States. Department of Transportation. Air Pollution. By Joe Smith. Dec. 2004.
15 May 2007 <http://www.nhtsa.dot.gov/air.asp>.
periodicals accessed via a subscription database (See Bedford, pp. 620-621)
"Abstract Medicine." Journal of Medicine 1 Oct. 2003: 12-14. Health Source. EBSCOhost.
Pueblo Community College Library, Pueblo, CO. 4 Nov. 2006.
Edington, John. "Ecology in the Rockies." International Wildlife 15 June 2004: 14-18.
Academic Search Premier. EBSCOhost. Pueblo Community College Library, Pueblo,
CO. 17 July 2005.
"Pueblo's Search for Diversity." Denver Post 23 Sept. 2002: 3. Newspaper Source.
EBSCOhost. Pueblo Community College Library, Pueblo, CO. 1 Oct. 2004.
email
Roberts, Dan. "Re: Cinco De Mayo." Email to the author. 30 June 2000. (or)
Smith, Susan. "Re: History." Email to J. D. Carter. 22 July 2003.
online course web page
Smith, Kathy. Microbiology. Course home page. August-December 2006. Department
of Math and Science, Pueblo Community College. 6 Oct. 2006.
</BIO217.html>.
personal home page (name, date of last update, date of access, URL)
Smith, Susie. Home page. 27 March 2006. 16 September 2006 <www.ssmith.com>.
CITATIONS WITHIN THE PAPER
Interviewing and sketching are useful prewriting techniques (Wyrick 15-17). or........
Wyrick includes interviewing and sketching as useful prewriting techniques (15-17).
GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS Name of government.....agency name.....underlined title....location....publisher....date.
Colorado. Office of Veterans Affairs. Employment Benefits for Gulf War Veterans.
Denver: OVA, 2001.
Colorado. Revised Statutes. 13-21-117 (b) (1). 2005-06. Denver: Bradford, 2005.
United States. Department of Education. Report on Current Educational Standards.
Washington: GPO, 2005.
PERIODICALS Author......article title in quotations......underlined source...volume....number....date....pages
Smith, John. "An Era of Peace." Journal of Asian News 112 (2004): 50-53.
Miller, Becky. "A New Era of Broadcasting." Newsweek 15 Sept. 2002: 18-19. (if weekly, use dates not volume)
NEWSPAPERS Author....article title in quotations...underlined source.....date...edition...pages
Smith, John. "A New Era of Peace." New York Times 11 May 2005, late ed.: A6.
"School Busing." Editorial. Denver Post 21 May 2002: 1C+.
TV / RADIO PROGRAMS (include both the date of information and the date of broadcast) Smith, Joe. "American Education." Interview. 60 Minutes. CBS. WCBS, New York.
3 Apr. 2003. 5 July 2004.
MUSIC
Charles, Ray. First Carnegie Hall Concert. Rec. 23 Jan. 1967. LP. Stax, 1968.
MUSIC VIDEOS
Springsteen, Bruce. "Dancing in the Dark." Born in the USA. Columbia, 1984. Music video.
Dir. Brian De Palma. VH1. 10 May 2002.
LETTERS
Walko, Walt. Letter to the author. 6 May 2005.
MAPS & CHARTS
Colorado. Map. Chicago: Rand, 2005.
Pueblo Peppers. Chart. Pueblo: Riverside, 2006.
PICTURES
Evans, Walker. Oklahoma Migrants. 1937. Colorado State Museum, Denver.
Pueblo Riverwalk. Personal photograph by Joe Jones. 7 Sept. 2007.
CARTOONS
Walker, Mort. "Beetle Bailey." Cartoon. Denver Post 25 May 2007 6D.
ART (artist---title---where/who has the piece of art)
Eldredge, John. The Mountain. Bill and Susan Smith Collection, Chicago.
Roberts, Ann. Prairie Winds. Pueblo Art Museum. The History of American Western Art.
By Joe Smith. New York: Harper, 2005. Slide 25.
Van Gogh, Vincent. Colorado by Night. 1886. Museum of Modern Art, New York.
21 April 2002. <http://www.moma.org/docs/collection/colo.htm>.
DICTIONARIES / ENCYCLOPEDIAS
"France." The New Encyclopedia Britannica: Micropedia. 15th ed. Volume 12. Chicago:
Britannica, 1998.
CD-ROM
The Oxford English Dictionary. 4th ed. CD-ROM. New York: Oxford UP, 2005.
"Colorado." The Oxford English Dictionary. 4th ed. CD-ROM. New York: Oxford UP, 2005.
Database in CDROM format
Brady, John. "Teaching in a Community College." New Journal of Education 60 (2003):
421-427. ERIC. CD-ROM. SilverPlatter. Sept. 2003.
COURT CASES
New York Times Co. v. Shmedlap. No. 91-2087. Supreme Court of the United States.
25 June 2006.
PERSONAL INTERVIEWS THAT YOU CONDUCTED
Salazazar, John. Telephone interview. 5 September 2006.
Smith, Joe. Personal interview. 22 July 2006.
ADVERTISEMENTS
Gap Jeans. Advertisement. Fashion Week 1 Sept. 2006: 4.
Korean Air. Advertisement. Newsweek 15 October 2006: 14.
LETTERS
Bush, George. Letter to the author. 17 August 2006.
Questions? Contact your instructor first, then the Library at libraryservices@pueblocc.edu
Sources
Gibaldi, Joseph. MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers. 6th edition. New York:
MLA, 2003.
---. MLA Style Manual and Guide to Scholarly Publishing. New York: MLA, 1998.
Hacker, Diana. The Bedford Handbook. 6th edition. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin's, 2002.
<http://www.dianahacker.com/bedhandbook/subpages/links.html>.
Modern Language Association. <http://www.mla.org>.
Winkler, Anthony. Writing the Research Paper. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace,
Jovanovich, 1985.
Tip Sheet #27 (September 2007)
Pueblo Community College Library, 900 West Orman, Pueblo, CO 81004
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