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COURSE SYLLABUS

EMS 233 EMT-P Medical Emergencies

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6.1 UNIT TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

6-1.1 At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for a neonatal patient.

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

6-1.2 Define the term newborn.(C-1)

6-1.3 Define the term neonate. (C-1)

6-1.4 Identify important antepartum factors that can affect childbirth. (C-1)

6-1.5 Identify important intrapartum factors that can term the newborn high risk. (C-1)

6-1.6 Identify the factors that lead to premature birth and low birth weight newborns. (C-1)

6-1.7 Distinguish between primary and secondary apnea. (C-3)

6-1.8 Discuss pulmonary perfusion and asphyxia. (C-1)

6-1.9 Identify the primary signs utilized for evaluating a newborn during resuscitation. (C-1)

6-1.10 Formulate an appropriate treatment plan for providing initial care to a newborn. (C-3)

6-1.11 Identify the appropriate use of the APGAR score in caring for a newborn.(C-1)

6-1.12 Calculate the APGAR score given various newborn situations. (C-3)

6-1.13 Determine when ventilatory assistance is appropriate for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.14 Prepare appropriate ventilation equipment, adjuncts and technique for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.15 Determine when chest compressions are appropriate for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.16 Discuss appropriate chest compression techniques for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.17 Assess patient improvement due to chest compressions and ventilations. (C-1)

6-1.18 Determine when endotracheal intubation is appropriate for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.19 Discuss appropriate endotracheal intubation techniques for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.20 Assess patient improvement due to endotracheal intubation. (C-1)

6-1.21 Identify complications related to endotracheal intubation for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.22 Determine when vascular access is indicated for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.23 Discuss the routes of medication administration for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.24 Determine when blow-by oxygen delivery is appropriate for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.25 Discuss appropriate blow-by oxygen delivery devices and technique for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.26 Assess patient improvement due to assisted ventilations. (C-1)

6-1.27 Determine when an orogastric tube should be inserted during positive-pressure ventilation. (C-1)

6-1.28 Discuss the signs of hypovolemia in a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.29 Discuss the initial steps in resuscitation of a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.30 Assess patient improvement due to blow-by oxygen delivery. (C-1)

6-1.31 Discuss the effects maternal narcotic usage has on the newborn. (C-1)

6-1.32 Determine the appropriate treatment for the newborn with narcotic depression. (C-1)

6-1.33 Discuss appropriate transport guidelines for a newborn. (C-1)

6-1.34 Determine appropriate receiving facilities for low and high risk newborns. (C-1)

6-1.35 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for meconium aspiration. (C-1)

6-1.36 Discuss the pathophysiology of meconium aspiration. (C-1)

6-1.37 Discuss the assessment findings associated with meconium aspiration. (C-1)

6-1.38 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for meconium aspiration. (C-1)

6-1.39 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for apnea in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.40 Discuss the pathophysiology of apnea in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.41 Discuss the assessment findings associated with apnea in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.42 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for apnea in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.43 Describe the epidemiology, pathophysiology, assessment findings, management/ treatment plan for diaphragmatic hernia. (C-1)

6-1.44 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for bradycardia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.45 Discuss the pathophysiology of bradycardia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.46 Discuss the assessment findings associated with bradycardia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.47 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for bradycardia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.48 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for premature infants

6-1.49 Discuss the pathophysiology of premature infants. (C-1)

6-1.50 Discuss the assessment findings associated with premature infants. (C-1)

6-1.51 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for premature infants. (C-1)

6-1.52 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for respiratory distress/ cyanosis in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.53 Discuss the pathophysiology of respiratory distress/ cyanosis in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.54 Discuss the assessment findings associated with respiratory distress/ cyanosis in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.55 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for respiratory distress/ cyanosis in the neonate.(C-1)

6-1.56 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for seizures in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.57 Discuss the pathophysiology of seizures in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.58 Discuss the assessment findings associated with seizures in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.59 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for seizures in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.60 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for fever in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.61 Discuss the pathophysiology of fever in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.62 Discuss the assessment findings associated with fever in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.63 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for fever in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.64 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for hypothermia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.65 Discuss the pathophysiology of hypothermia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.66 Discuss the assessment findings associated with hypothermia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.67 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for hypothermia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.68 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for hypoglycemia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.69 Discuss the pathophysiology of hypoglycemia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.70 Discuss the assessment findings associated with hypoglycemia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.71 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for hypoglycemia in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.72 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for vomiting in the neonate (C-1)

6-1.73 Discuss the pathophysiology of vomiting in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.74 Discuss the assessment findings associated with vomiting in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.75 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for vomiting in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.76 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for diarrhea in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.77 Discuss the pathophysiology of in diarrhea the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.78 Discuss the assessment findings associated with diarrhea in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.79 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for diarrhea in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.80 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for common birth injuries in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.81 Discuss the pathophysiology of common birth injuries in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.82 Discuss the assessment findings associated with common birth injuries in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.83 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for common birth injuries in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.84 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality and risk factors for cardiac arrest in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.85 Discuss the pathophysiology of cardiac arrest in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.86 Discuss the assessment findings associated with cardiac arrest in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.87 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for cardiac arrest in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.88 Discuss the pathophysiology of post arrest management of the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.89 Discuss the assessment findings associated with post arrest situations in the neonate. (C-1)

6-1.90 Discuss the management/ treatment plan to stabilize the post arrest neonate. (C-1)

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

6-1.91 Demonstrate and advocate appropriate interaction with a newborn/ neonate that conveys respect for their position in life. (A-3)

6-1.92 Recognize the emotional impact of newborn/ neonate injuries/ illnesses on parents/ guardians. (A-1)

6-1.93 Recognize and appreciate the physical and emotional difficulties associated with separation of the parent/ guardian and a newborn/ neonate. (A-3)

6-1.94 Listen to the concerns expressed by parents/ guardians. (A-1)

6-1.95 Attend to the need for reassurance, empathy and compassion for the parent/ guardian. (A-1)

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

6-1.96 Demonstrate preparation of a newborn resuscitation area. (P-2)

6-1.97 Demonstrate appropriate assessment technique for examining a newborn. (P-2)

6-1.98 Demonstrate appropriate assisted ventilations for a newborn. (P-2)

6-1.99 Demonstrate appropriate endotracheal intubation technique for a newborn. (P-2)

6-1.100 Demonstrate appropriate meconium aspiration suctioning technique for a newborn. (P-2)

6-1.101 Demonstrate appropriate insertion of an orogastric tube. (P-2)

6-1.102 Demonstrate needle chest decompression for a newborn or neonate. (P-2)

6-1.103 Demonstrate appropriate chest compression and ventilation technique for a newborn. (P-2)

6-1.104 Demonstrate appropriate techniques to improve or eliminate endotracheal intubation complications. (P-2)

6-1.105 Demonstrate vascular access cannulation techniques for a newborn. (P-2)

6-1.106 Demonstrate the initial steps in resuscitation of a newborn. (P-2)

6-1.107 Demonstrate blow-by oxygen delivery for a newborn. (P-2)

6.2 UNIT TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

6-2.1 At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to integrate pathophysiological principles and assessment findings to formulate a field impression and implement a treatment plan for the pediatric patient.

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

6-2.2 Discuss the paramedic's role in the reduction of infant and childhood morbidity and mortality from acute illness and injury. (C-1)

6-2.3 Identify methods/ mechanisms that prevent injuries to infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.4 Describe Emergency Medical Services for Children (EMSC). (C-1)

6-2.5 Discuss how an integrated EMSC system can affect patient outcome. (C-2)

6-2.6 Identify key growth and developmental characteristics of infants and children and their implications. (C-2)

6-2.7 Identify key anatomical and physiological characteristics of infants and children and their implications. (C-2)

6-2.8 Describe techniques for successful assessment of infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.9 Describe techniques for successful treatment of infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.10 Identify the common responses of families to acute illness and injury of an infant or child. (C-1)

6-2.11 Describe techniques for successful interaction with families of acutely ill or injured infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.12 Outline differences in adult and childhood anatomy and physiology. (C-3)

6-2.13 Identify "normal" age group related vital signs. (C-1)

6-2.14 Discuss the appropriate equipment utilized to obtain pediatric vital signs. (C-1)

6-2.15 Determine appropriate airway adjuncts for infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.16 Discuss complications of improper utilization of airway adjuncts with infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.17 Discuss appropriate ventilation devices for infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.18 Discuss complications of improper utilization of ventilation devices with infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.19 Discuss appropriate endotracheal intubation equipment for infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.20 Identify complications of improper endotracheal intubation procedure in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.21 List the indications and methods for gastric decompression for infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.22 Define respiratory distress. (C-1)

6-2.23 Define respiratory failure. (C-1)

6-2.24 Define respiratory arrest. (C-1)

6-2.25 Differentiate between upper airway obstruction and lower airway disease. (C-3)

6-2.26 Describe the general approach to the treatment of children with respiratory distress, failure, or arrest from upper airway obstruction or lower airway disease. (C-3)

6-2.27 Discuss the common causes of hypoperfusion in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.28 Evaluate the severity of hypoperfusion in infants and children. (C-3)

6-2.29 Identify the major classifications of pediatric cardiac rhythms. (C-1)

6-2.30 Discuss the primary etiologies of cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.31 Discuss age appropriate vascular access sites for infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.32 Discuss the appropriate equipment for vascular access in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.33 Identify complications of vascular access for infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.34 Describe the primary etiologies of altered level of consciousness in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.35 Identify common lethal mechanisms of injury in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.36 Discuss anatomical features of children that predispose or protect them from certain injuries. (C-1)

6-2.37 Describe aspects of infant and children airway management that are affected by potential cervical spine injury. (C-1)

6-2.38 Identify infant and child trauma patients who require spinal immobilization. (C-1)

6-2.39 Discuss fluid management and shock treatment for infant and child trauma patient. (C-1)

6-2.40 Determine when pain management and sedation are appropriate for infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.41 Define child abuse. (C-1)

6-2.42 Define child neglect. (C-1)

6-2.43 Define sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). (C-1)

6-2.44 Discuss the parent/ caregiver responses to the death of an infant or child. (C-1)

6-2.45 Define children with special health care needs. (C-1)

6-2.46 Define technology assisted children. (C-1)

6-2.47 Discuss basic cardiac life support (CPR) guidelines for infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.48 Identify appropriate parameters for performing infant and child CPR. (C-1)

6-2.49 Integrate advanced life support skills with basic cardiac life support for infants and children. (C-3)

6-2.50 Discuss the indications, dosage, route of administration and special considerations for medication administration in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.51 Discuss appropriate transport guidelines for infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.52 Discuss appropriate receiving facilities for low and high risk infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.53 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for respiratory distress/ failure in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.54 Discuss the pathophysiology of respiratory distress/ failure in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.55 Discuss the assessment findings associated with respiratory distress/ failure in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.56 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for respiratory distress/ failure in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.57 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for hypoperfusion in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.58 Discuss the pathophysiology of hypoperfusion in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.59 Discuss the assessment findings associated with hypoperfusion in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.60 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for hypoperfusion in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.61 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for cardiac dysrhythmias in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.62 Discuss the pathophysiology of cardiac dysrhythmias in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.63 Discuss the assessment findings associated with cardiac dysrhythmias in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.64 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for cardiac dysrhythmias in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.65 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for neurological emergencies in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.66 Discuss the pathophysiology of neurological emergencies in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.67 Discuss the assessment findings associated with neurological emergencies in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.68 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for neurological emergencies in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.69 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for trauma in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.70 Discuss the pathophysiology of trauma in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.71 Discuss the assessment findings associated with trauma in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.72 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for trauma in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.73 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for abuse and neglect in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.74 Discuss the pathophysiology of abuse and neglect in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.75 Discuss the assessment findings associated with abuse and neglect in infants and children. (C-1)

6-2.76 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for abuse and neglect in infants and children, including documentation and reporting. (C-1)

6-2.77 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for SIDS infants. (C-1)

6-2.78 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for children with special health care needs including technology assisted children. (C-1)

6-2.79 Discuss the pathophysiology of children with special health care needs including technology assisted children. (C-1)

6-2.80 Discuss the assessment findings associated for children with special health care needs including technology assisted children. (C-1)

6-2.81 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for children with special health care needs including technology assisted children. (C-1)

6-2.82 Describe the epidemiology, including the incidence, morbidity/ mortality, risk factors and prevention strategies for SIDS infants. (C-1)

6-2.83 Discuss the pathophysiology of SIDS in infants. (C-1)

6-2.84 Discuss the assessment findings associated with SIDS infants. (C-1)

6-2.85 Discuss the management/ treatment plan for SIDS in infants. (C-1)

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

6-2.86 Demonstrate and advocate appropriate interactions with the infant/ child that conveys an understanding of their developmental stage. (A-3)

6-2.87 Recognize the emotional dependance of the infant/ child to their parent/ guardian. (A-1)

6-2.88 Recognize the emotional impact of the infant/ child injuries and illnesses on the parent/ guardian. (A-1)

6-2.89 Recognize and appreciate the physical and emotional difficulties associated with separation of the parent/ guardian of a special needs child (A-3)

6-2.90 Demonstrate the ability to provide reassurance, empathy and compassion for the parent/ guardian. (A-1)

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

6-2.91 Demonstrate the appropriate approach for treating infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.92 Demonstrate appropriate intervention techniques with families of acutely ill or injured infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.93 Demonstrate an appropriate assessment for different developmental age groups. (P-2)

6-2.94 Demonstrate an appropriate technique for measuring pediatric vital signs. (P-2)

6-2.95 Demonstrate the use of a length-based resuscitation device for determining equipment sizes, drug doses and other pertinent information for a pediatric patient. (P-2)

6-2.96 Demonstrate the appropriate approach for treating infants and children with respiratory distress, failure, and arrest. (P-2)

6-2.97 Demonstrate proper technique for administering blow-by oxygen to infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.98 Demonstrate the proper utilization of a pediatric non-rebreather oxygen mask. (P-2)

6-2.99 Demonstrate proper technique for suctioning of infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.100 Demonstrate appropriate use of airway adjuncts with infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.101 Demonstrate appropriate use of ventilation devices for infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.102 Demonstrate endotracheal intubation procedures in infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.103 Demonstrate appropriate treatment/ management of intubation complications for infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.104 Demonstrate appropriate needle cricothyroidotomy in infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.105 Demonstrate proper placement of a gastric tube in infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.106 Demonstrate an appropriate technique for insertion of peripheral intravenous catheters for infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.107 Demonstrate an appropriate technique for administration of intramuscular, inhalation, subcutaneous, rectal, endotracheal and oral medication for infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.108 Demonstrate an appropriate technique for insertion of an intraosseous line for infants and children. (P-2)

6-2.109 Demonstrate appropriate interventions for infants and children with a partially obstructed airway. (P-2)

6-2.110 Demonstrate age appropriate basic airway clearing maneuvers for infants and children with a completely obstructed airway. (P-2)

6-2.111 Demonstrate proper technique for direct larnyngoscopy and foreign body retrieval in infants and children with a completely obstructed airway. (P-2)

6-2.112 Demonstrate appropriate airway and breathing control maneuvers for infant and child trauma patients. (P-2)

6-2.113 Demonstrate appropriate treatment of infants and children requiring advanced airway and breathing control. (P-2)

6-2.114 Demonstrate appropriate immobilization techniques for infant and child trauma patients. (P-2)

6-2.115 Demonstrate treatment of infants and children with head injuries. (P-2)

6-2.116 Demonstrate appropriate treatment of infants and children with chest injuries. (P-2)

6-2.117 Demonstrate appropriate treatment of infants and children with abdominal injuries. (P-2)

6-2.118 Demonstrate appropriate treatment of infants and children with extremity injuries. (P-2)

6-2.119 Demonstrate appropriate treatment of infants and children with burns. (P-2)

6-2.120 Demonstrate appropriate parent/ caregiver interviewing techniques for infant and child death situations.(P-2)

6-2.121 Demonstrate proper infant CPR. (P-2)

6-2.122 Demonstrate proper child CPR. (P-2)

6-2.123 Demonstrate proper techniques for performing infant and child defibrillation and synchronized cardioversion.(P-2)