1.5

UNIT TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

1-5

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will understand the role that ethics plays in decision making in the out-of-hospital environment.

COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

1-5.1

Define ethics. (C-1)

1-5.2

Distinguish between ethical and moral decisions. (C-3)

1-5.3

Identify the premise that should underlie the paramedic's ethical decisions in out-of hospital care. (C-1)

1-5.4

Analyze the relationship between the law and ethics in EMS. (C-3)

1-5.5

Compare and contrast the criteria that may be used in allocating scarce EMS resources. (C-3)

1-5.6

Identify the issues surrounding the use of advance directives, in making a prehospital resuscitation decision. (C-1)

1-5.7

Describe the criteria necessary to honor an advance directive in your state. (C-1)

AFFECTIVE OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

1-5.8

Value the patient's autonomy in the decision-making process. (A-2)

1-5.9

Defend the following ethical positions: (A-3)

The paramedic is accountable to the patient.

b.

The paramedic is accountable to the medical director.

c.

d.

1-5.10

Given a scenario, defend or challenge a paramedic's actions concerning a patient who is treated against his/ her wishes. (A-3)

1-5.11

Given a scenario, defend a paramedic's actions in a situation where a physician orders therapy the paramedic feels to be detrimental to the patient's best interests. (A-3)

PSYCHOMOTOR OBJECTIVES

None identified for this unit.

1.6

UNIT TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

1-6

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to apply the general concepts of pathophysiology for the assessment and management of emergency patients.

COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

1-6.1

Discuss cellular adaptation. (C-1)

1-6.2

Describe cellular injury and cellular death. (C-1)

1-6.3

Describe the factors that precipitate disease in the human body. (C-1)

1-6.4

Describe the cellular environment. (C-1)

1-6.5

Discuss analyzing disease risk. (C-1)

1-6.6

Describe environmental risk factors. (C-1)

1-6.7

Discuss combined effects and interaction among risk factors. (C-1)

1-6.8

Describe aging as a risk factor for disease. (C-1)

1-6.9

Discuss familial diseases and associated risk factors. (C-1)

1-6.10

Discuss hypoperfusion. (C-1)

1-6.11

Define cardiogenic, hypovolemic, neurogenic, anaphylactic and septic shock. (C-1)

1-6.12

Describe multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. (C-1)

1-6.13

Define the characteristics of the immune response. (C-1)

1-6.14

Discuss induction of the immune system. (C-1)

1-6.15

Discuss fetal and neonatal immune function. (C-1)

1-6.16

Discuss aging and the immune function in the elderly. (C-1)

1-6.17

Describe the inflammation response. (C-1)

1-6.18

Discuss the role of mast cells as part of the inflammation response. (C-1)

1-6.19

Describe the plasma protein system. (C-1)

1-6.20

Discuss the cellular components of inflammation. (C-1)

1-6.21

Describe the systemic manifestations of the inflammation response. (C-1)

1-6.22

Describe the resolution and repair from inflammation. (C-1)

1-6.23

Discuss the effect of aging on the mechanisms of self-defense. (C-1)

1-6.24

Discuss hypersensitivity. (C-1)

1-6.25

Describe deficiencies in immunity and inflammation. (C-1)

1-6.26

Describe homeostasis as a dynamic steady state. (C-1)

1-6.27

List types of tissue. (C-1)

1-6.28

Describe the systemic manifestations that result from cellular injury. (C-1)

1-6.29

Describe neuroendocrine regulation. (C-1)

1-6.30

Discuss the inter-relationships between stress, coping, and illness. (C-1)

AFFECTIVE OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

1-6.31

Advocate the need to understand and apply the knowledge of pathophysiology to patient assessment and treatment. (A-2)

PSYCHOMOTOR OBJECTIVES

None identified for this unit.

1.8

UNIT TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

1-8

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to safely and precisely access the venous circulation and administer medications.

COGNITIVE OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

1-8.1

Review the specific anatomy and physiology pertinent to medication administration. (C-1)

1-8.2

Review mathematical principles. (C-1)

1-8.3

Review mathematical equivalents. (C-1)

1-8.4

Differentiate temperature readings between the Centigrade and Fahrenheit scales. (C-3)

1-8.5

Discuss formulas as a basis for performing drug calculations. (C-1)

1-8.6

Discuss applying basic principles of mathematics to the calculation of problems associated with medication dosages. (C-1)

1-8.7

Describe how to perform mathematical conversions from the household system to the metric system. (C-1)

1-8.8

Describe the indications, equipment needed, technique used, precautions, and general principles of peripheral venous or external jugular cannulation. (C-1)

1-8.9

Describe the indications, equipment needed, technique used, precautions, and general principles of intraosseous needle placement and infusion. (C-1)

1-8.10

Discuss legal aspects affecting medication administration. (C-1)

1-8.11

Discuss the "six rights" of drug administration and correlate these with the principles of medication administration. (C-1)

1-8.12

Discuss medical asepsis and the differences between clean and sterile techniques. (C-1)

1-8.13

Describe use of antiseptics and disinfectants. (C-1)

1-8.14

Describe the use of universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI) procedures when administering a medication. (C-1)

1-8.15

Differentiate among the different dosage forms of oral medications. (C-3)

1-8.16

Describe the equipment needed and general principles of administering oral medications. (C-3)

1-8.17

Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques used, precautions, and general principles of administering medications by the inhalation route. (C-3)

1-8.18

Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques used, precautions, and general principles of administering medications by the gastric tube. (C-3)

1-8.19

Describe the indications, equipment needed, techniques used, precautions, and general principles of rectal medication administration. (C-3)

1-8.20

Differentiate among the different parenteral routes of medication administration. (C-3)

1-8.21

Describe the equipment needed, techniques used, complications, and general principles for the preparation and administration of parenteral medications. (C-1)

1-8.22

Differentiate among the different percutaneous routes of medication administration. (C-3)

1-8.23

Describe the purpose, equipment needed, techniques used, complications, and general principles for obtaining a blood sample. (C-1)

1-8.24

Describe disposal of contaminated items and sharps. (C-1)

1-8.25

Synthesize a pharmacologic management plan including medication administration. (C-3)

1-8.26

Integrate pathophysiological principles of medication administration with patient management. (C-3)

AFFECTIVE OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

1-8.27

Comply with paramedic standards of medication administration. (A-1)

1-8.28

Comply with universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI). (A-1)

1-8.29

Defend a pharmacologic management plan for medication administration. (A-3)

1-8.30

Serve as a model for medical asepsis. (A-3)

1-8.31

Serve as a model for advocacy while performing medication administration. (A-3)

1-8.32

Serve as a model for disposing contaminated items and sharps. (A-3)

PSYCHOMOTOR OBJECTIVES

At the completion of this unit, the paramedic student will be able to:

1-8.33

Use universal precautions and body substance isolation (BSI) procedures during medication administration. (P-2)

1-8.34

Demonstrate cannulation of peripheral or external jugular veins. (P-2)

1-8.35

Demonstrate intraosseous needle placement and infusion. (P-2)

1-8.36

Demonstrate clean technique during medication administration. (P-3)

1-8.37

Demonstrate administration of oral medications. (P-2)

1-8.38

Demonstrate administration of medications by the inhalation route. (P-2)

1-8.39

Demonstrate administration of medications by the gastric tube. (P-2)

1-8.40

Demonstrate rectal administration of medications. (P-2)

1-8.41

Demonstrate preparation and administration of parenteral medications. (P-2)

1-8.42

Demonstrate preparation and techniques for obtaining a blood sample. (P-2)

1-8.43

Perfect disposal of contaminated items and sharps. (P-3)