RETURN TO PSY 101 SYLLABI
Multiple Choice
1. Psychology is defined as the scientific study of
a. behavior and mental processes.
b. diagnosis and treatment of behavioral disorders.
c. conscious and unconscious mental processes.
d. the mind.
2. Eduardo DeLeon is engaged in scientific research involving the study of behavior and mental processes. DeLeon is a
a. psychotherapist.
b. psychoanalyst.
c. psychiatrist.
d. psychologist.
3. An unsatisfactory psychological theory of thirst would not
a. be able to predict when people will or will not drink.
b. be able to describe age-related drinking behavior.
c. a and b.
d. none of the above.
4.When a psychologist forms conclusions regarding a client's chance of recovery, he is attempting to reach which goal of psychology.
a. description
b. explanation
c. prediction
d. control
5. The results of _______ research in the study of the perceptual development of infants and lower animals is often useful in formulating the treatment of visual disorders in humans.
a. pure
b. basic
c. controlled
d. action
6. Research using computers to understand artificial intelligence is considered
a. pure
b. applied
c. longitudinal
d. non of the above
7. The study of human traits and characteristics is of interest to _______ psychologists.
a. clinical
b. personality
c. community
d. social
8. _______ psychologists take the position that learning is essential in describing, predicting, controlling, and explaining behavior.
a. Neoanalytic
b. Behavioral
c. Developmental
d.
9. A theory that divides human behavior into two basic traits, introversion and extraversion, was probably formulated by a ______ psychologist.
a. developmental
b. personality
c. behavioral
d. clinical
10. Which of the following psychologists is most likely top conduct pure research.
a. experimental
b. organizational
c. consumer
d. human factors
11. The design of the instrument layout of a new helicopter was carried out by industrial engineers in consultation with _________ psychologists.
a. consumer
b. experimental
c. industrial
d. human factors
12. As much as she tried to lose weight, Pauline could not achieve her goal of 15% weight loss. Accordingly, she made an appointment to consult with Dr. Richman, a ________________ psychologist.
a. clinical
b. counseling
c. human factors
d. health
13. The _________ psychologist examines ways in which lifestyle, habits, and attitudes are related to heart disease, cancer and diabetes.
a. clinical
b. health
c. counseling
d. forensic
14. Which of the following is not a principle of critical thinking?
a. Be skeptical.
b. Examine the definitions of terms.
c. Examine the assumptions or premises.
d. Consider the credentials of the authority.
15. In terms of principles of critical thinking, the statement "Intelligence is genetically based" needs to be examined as to its
a. assumptions or premises.
b. definition of intelligence.
c. oversimplification of the question.
d. all of the above.
16. Yolanda gives a careful description of all of her thoughts, experiences, and emotions after she underwent a "near-death" experience in which she felt herself leaving her body. The method Yolanda and the researcher are using is called
a. insight.
b. self-revelation.
c. recovered memory.
d. introspection.
17. Under the school of structuralism, an analytic study of objective sensations and subjective feelings is accomplished through the method called
a. conditioning.
b. psychoanalysis.
c. introspection.
d. insight.
18. Functionalism was established by
a. G. Stanley Hall.
b. Wilhelm Wundt.
c. John Watson.
d. William James.
19. Which of the following statements is most likely to have been made by a functionalist psychologist?
a. The mind id composed of discrete elements.
b. Perception is greater than the sum of its parts.
c. The only object of psychology is the study of behavior.
d. Adaptation to the environment is the purpose of mental processes and behavior.
20. A functionalist would agree with the following:
a. a consciousness can be broken down into elemental parts.
b. consciousness is a continuous process.
c. both a and b.
d. none of the above.
21. John B. Watson argued for a psychology based on the study of
a. stream of consciousness.
b. unconscious mental processes.
c. introspection.
d. sensation, feelings, and mental images.
22. B.F. Skinner studied learning in lower animals through the method of
a. reinforcement.
b. insight.
c. introspection.
d. trial and error
23. Psychoanalysis differs from structuralism, functionalism and behaviorism in that it is also a method of
a. scientific inquiry.
b. introspection.
c. self-knowledge.
d. psychotherapy.
24. Dr. Levy studies the influences of hormones in determining maternal behavior and sexual behavior in rats. Levy is most probably a
a. Gestalt psychologist.
b. behavioral psychologist.
c. biological psychologist.
d. psychoanalyst.
25. The statement that the mental state associated with being in love can be reduced to chemical changes in the brain is most likely to be made by a psychologist taking the _____________ perspective.
a. biological
b. behavioral
c. cognitive
d. developmental
26. The notion that bizarre or atypical thoughts are expressions of unconscious processes was proposed by
a. Sigmund Freud.
b. Erik Erikson.
c. William James.
d. Jean Piaget
27. _________ psychologists take the position that learning is essential in describing, predicting, controlling, and explaining behavior.
a. Neoanalytic
b. Behavioral
c. Developmental
d. Biological
28. Unconscious processes, dream analysis, and sexual and aggressive impulses are ideas less likely to be used by which perspective?
a. psychoanalytic
b. behavioral
c. a and b
d. none of the above
29. Both social-cognitive theorists and behaviorists adhere to the _______ perspective.
a. humanistic-existential
b. learning
c. neoanalytic
d. developmental
30. A distinction between behavioral and social-cognitive perspectives is that the former emphasizes _________, and the latter emphasizes _________________ in learning.
a. reinforcement; observation
b. conditioning; development
c. brain processes; social processes
d. introspection; self-determination
31. Dr. Maloff is studying the effects of ethnic bias on the school performance of immigrant children. Most likely, Maloff is a ______ psychologist.
a. psychoanalytic
b. behavioral
c. sociocultural
d. school
32. Which of the following is not likely the concern of sociocultural psychologists?
a. alcohol abuse among ethnic minority groups
b. racial bias
c. gender roles
d. color perception
33. Dr. Rabin is studying whether Asian men are more or less likely to seek treatment for clinical depression as part of a larger study of Asian men's attitudes toward health issues. Dr. Rabin is most likely a(n) __________ psychologist.
a. humanistic
b. sociocultural
c. industrial
d. personality
34. Dr. Jacobi is studying the effects of bilingualism on the intellectual development of children. She wants to know whether learning both English and Spanish simultaneously or sequentially impedes or enhances intelligence scores in both languages. Most likely, Dr. Jacobi follows a ________ perspective.
a. psychoanalytic
b. humanistic
c. gestalt
d. sociocultural
35. A hypothesis is an assumption or a best guess that
a. becomes a selection factor in research.
b. is accepted if it is popular.
c. can be tested by gathering evidence.
d. provides an operational definition.
36.Which of the following is most likely a correlation coefficient for a relationship between stress and health?
a. -0.78
b. +1
c. 0
d. +0.98
37. There is a good chance that we will find a ________ correlation between time spent watching TV and grades in school.
a. perfect
b. negative
c. positive
d. weak
38. If you wanted to study the effects of caffeine on sleep, you could vary the consumption levels of caffeine.
a. the treatment.
b. the control.
c. unethical.
d. the dependent variable.
39. If you were to conduct an experiment on the effects of temperature on aggressive behavior, the aggressive behavior would be the _______ variable.
a. dependent
b. independent
c. hypothesis
d. correlated
40. An experiment in which the independent variable is noise level and the dependent variable is resistance to distraction is conducted. The goal is to observe whether distractibility is a(n) _________ noise.
a. cause of
b. correlate of
c. treatment for
d. effect of
41. Subjects in experimental groups receive __________ in an experimental design.
a. debriefing
b. conditions
c. the treatment
42. Examples of a ___________ would be the use of a "sugar pill" instead of real medication or tonic water instead of an alcoholic beverage. However, the individual must believe that he or she is experiencing the real thing.
a. confederate
b. placebo
c. treatment
d. bias
43. In a ________ study, neither the experimenter nor the participants know who has obtained the real treatment.
a. single-blind
b. double-blind
c. confounded
d. debriefed
44. The Food and Drug Administration requires __________ before it will allow the marketing and sale of new drugs.
a. double-blind studies
b. psychological testing
c. surveys
d. patient approval
45. When Lang demonstrated that belief that one has consumed alcohol influenced aggression, he demonstrated that controlling for ____________ does influence the outcome of research.
a. alcohol
b. experimenter bias
c. aggression
d. expectations
46. Which of the following is an example of a specific behavioral tendency in an organism?
a. a dog responding to it's name
b. a cow's fear of a dog
c. a dolphin jumping at the sound of a whistle.
47. An axon's length can range from a few millimeters to
a. one inch.
b. 12 inches.
c. several feet.
d. up to a mile.
48..A child without complete myelination will not be able to engage in activities requiring visual-motor coordination for which of the following reasons?
a. The afferent neurons are damaged, causing the axon to swell.
b. The axon does not have sufficient myelin coating.
c. The dendrite is not insulated with myelin.
d. The leakage of electrical current being carried along the axon is minimized.
49. __________ increase as the nervous system develops and contribute to its dense appearance.
a. Schwann cells
b. Neurons
c. Glial cells
d. Myelin sheaths
50. When someone steps on hour toe, this information is carried to the brain and spinal cord by
a. afferent neurons.
b. efferent neurons.
c. glial neurons.
d. schwann cells.
51. _________ demonstrated that messages traveling along neurons are electrochemical.
a. James
b. Galvani
c. Wundt
d. Edison
52. The polarization of a neuron results in a resting potential of about -70 millivolts. This if followed by depolarization resulting in an action potential of +110 millivolts. This brings the membrane voltage to
a. +40 millivolts.
b. -40 millivolts.
c. +180 millivolts.
d. -180 millivolts
53. When a neuron cell membrane has become permeable to sodium ions, what has transpired?
a. A section of the neuron cell membrane has become permeable to sodium ions, what has transpired?
b. An action potential of about -70 millivolts has been initiated.
c. The inside cell at the disturbed area has an action potential of about -40 millivolts.
d. The previous section of the cell has become permeable to potassium chloride ions.
54. When an action potential occurs, this causes the next section of the cell to become permeable to
a. potassium chloride ions.
b. depolarization.
c. sodium ions.
d. sodium chloride ions.
55. If sodium is prevent from passing through the neuronal membrane,
a. the neuron has just fired.
b. the neuron is in the refractory period.
c. both a and b
d. none of the above.
56. Which of the following statements is not true for neurotransmitters?
a. Neurotransmitters are stored in synaptic vesicles.
b. A neurotransmitter conveys a message to a neighboring neuron by traveling along the axon to the terminal fibers.
c. Neurotransmitters find their way to neuron receptor sites and subsequently trigger firing.
d. When the neural impulse reaches the axon terminals, the vesicles release varying amounts of neurotransmitters.
57. The toxin curare prevents __________ from lodging within receptor sites in neurons, resulting in paralysis and often death.
a. acetylcholine
b. noradrenaline
c. serotonin
d. dopamine
58. Minutes after eating a few bites of food in a local restaurant, Mary was unable to breathe and began to experience muscular paralysis. She had ingested food contaminated with botulism, which blocked the action of
a. serotonin.
b. acetylcholine.
c. dopamine.
d. noradrenaline.
59. Muhammad Ali is suffering from Parkinson (a variation of Parkinson's disease). This should suggest to you that his brain is not producing enough
a. noradrenaline.
b. serotonin.
c. acetylcholine.
d. dopamine.
60. One theory of schizophrenia is that people who suffer from it may have more receptor sites or hyper responsive receptor sites for what neurotransmitter?
a. noradrnaline
b. dopamine
c. acetylcholine
d. serotonin
61. Jeff is very aggressive and exhibits alcoholism and depression. More than likely he has a
a. serotonin deficiency.
b. serotonin abundance.
c. dopamine deficiency.
d. none of the above.
62. The Shakespearean character Juliet took a potion that paralyzed her and affected her muscles used for breathing. she probably took something that blocked the action of
a. noradrenaline.
b. serotonin.
c. acetylcholine.
d. dopamine.
63. Seratonin is primarily
a. inhibitory.
b. excitatory.
c. endogenous.
d. exogenous.
64. A nerve is
a. a soma.
b. a bundle of axons and dendrites.
c. a cell body.
d. a neuron cell.
65. The two main divisions of the peripheral nervous system are the
a. sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system.
b. somatic nervous system and the motor nervous system.
c. autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system.
d. autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system.
66. A person highly trained in yoga and meditation is capable of controlling his heart rate and blood pressure, that is, raising and lowering it at will. A student of psychology knows that these functions are controlled by the
a. motor cortex.
b. somatosensory cortex.
c. motor nervous system.
d. autonomic nervous system and the somatic nervous system.
67. Which of the following statements is true?
a. Men and women have similar size brains.
b. Men have a larger brain, but women use more of their brains.
c. Gender differences for size and usage are insignificant.
d. Women have larger brains, but men use more of their brains.
68. You are about to take part in a sleep study. Which of the following brain study techniques might be used by the researcher?
a. brain lesioning
b. brain ablation
c. autopsy
d. EEG
69. The positron emission tomography, or PET scan, method of brain study involves a computer-generated image of brain activity by tracing the amount of
a. glucose metabolism in areas of the brain.
b. radiation passing through areas of the brain.
c. shifts in blood flow in the brain.
d. electrical activity on the surface of the brain.
70. The structure that serves as a relay station for incoming sensory stimulation and directs this information to appropriate brain sites is
a. the pons.
b. the RAS.
c. the thalamus.
d. the septum.
71. Tom is unable to sweat. It is possible that he has damage to his
a. thalamus.
b. hypothalamus.
c. hippocampus.
d. RAS.
72. You and your research team are studying electrical stimulation of the brain. The rats are exhibiting compulsive eating and drinking behaviors. The electrode is probably implanted in the rats'
a. amygdala.
b. septum.
c. pituitary gland.
d. hypothalamus.
73. If a person has a damaged hippocampus, which of the following would most likely take place?
a. lack of response when reflexes are tested.
b. lack of motor coordination.
c. an inability to sweat.
d. the ability to recall old memories, but no ability to form new ones.
74. When a doctor sees deficiencies in transference of information from one hemisphere to another, the patient has an
a. incomplete corpus callosum.
b. enlarged hemisphere.
c. overactive corpus callosum.
d. none of the above.
75. The wrinkles in the cerebral cortex are called
a. fissures.
b. callosums.
c. crevices.
d. cerebrals.
76. Rick was goofing around with a friend when he fell and hit his head. Soon after, he was having difficulty with his vision. It's possible that he sustained injury to the ___________ lobe.
a. parietal
b. frontal
c. occipital
d. temporal
77. The visual area of the cortex is located in the ________ lobe.
a. temporal
b. parietal
c. frontal
d. occipital
78. The motor cortex is located in the ___________ lobe.
a. frontal
b. parietal
c. temporal
d. occipital
79. If a neurosurgeon stimulated a specific area of your ______, you might raise an arm or move a finger.
a. somatosensory cortex
b. motor cortex
c. visual cortex
d. auditory cortex
80. Wernicke's aphasia causes
a. impairment of one's ability to comprehend speech and to think of the proper words to express one's own thoughts.
b. one to speak slowly and laboriously in simple thoughts.
c. serious impairment in reading.
d. an inability to segment words in sounds while reading.
81. Jane's parents are both left-handed. There is a ________ chance she will be left-handed as well.
a. 50%
b. 10%
c. 40%
d. 100%
82. Some people are overweight because of
a. hyperthyroidism.
b. hypothyroidism.
c. hyperglycemia.
d. hypoglycemia.
83. Prolactin stimulates the
a. production of ova.
b. onset of labor.
c. production of sperm.
d. production of milk.
84. The glands that are located above the kidneys are the
a. adrenal glands.
b. thyroid glands.
c. pituitary glands.
d. sebaceous glands.
85. __________ promotes growth of female reproductive organs and helps maintain pregnancy.
a. Estrogen
b. Oxytocin
c. Progesterone
d. Luteinizing hormone.
86. Estrogen is produced by
a. the testes and ovaries.
b. only the testes.
c. only the ovaries.
d. the hypothalamus.
87. Mary experiences monthly bouts of irritability, abdominal cramps, food cravings, and mood swings. This is likely due to _______.
a. punish my spouse syndrome
b. hyperthyroidism
c. premenstrual syndrome
d. aging
88. If a married couple decided to start a family and was unable to conceive, the couple should take the following hormones:
a. luteinizing hormones.
b. adrenocorticotrophic hormone.
c. thyroxin.
d. corticosteroids.
89. Which of the following is not true of the basic tenets of the theory of evolution?
a. Species that are adaptive manage to survive.
b. Species that do not adapt dwindle in numbers and may become extinct.
c. Survivors do not transmit their traits to future generations.
d. All of the above.
90. Dr. Barnes is researching the brains of individuals who are alcoholic and have a history of alcoholism in their families. She is probably a
a. neurosurgeon.
b. substance abuse counselor.
c. brain surgeon.
d. behavioral geneticist.
91. Dizygotic twins
a. develop when two ova are fertilized.
b. share 100% of their genes.
c. are referred to as identical twins.
d. demonstrate differences that are the result of nurture.
92. Katlin's aunt has green eyes and her cousin has blue eyes. Which eye color is Katlin more likely to demonstrate?
a. blue
b. green
c. brown
d. none of the above
93. When a zygote divides into two cells that separate,
a. the pregnancy will end.
b. monozygotic twins will be born.
c. dizygotic twins will be born.
d. a Down syndrome baby will be born.
94. We inherit _____ chromosomes from our mother and ______ from our father.
a. 26;26
b. 46;46
c. 23;23
d. 43;43
95. You and your team of behavioral geneticists are studying schizophrenia. One effective way to conduct your research would be to study
a. MZ twins reared together whose biological mother is schizophrenic.
b. MZ twins reared apart whose biological mother is schizophrenic.
c. DZ twins reared apart whose biological mother is schizophrenic.
d. DZ twins reared together whose biological mother is schizophrenic.